Anonymous letters and the law Depending on the contents of the letter… Jan 20, 2025 · For more information on the legal standards applied by courts before allowing a plaintiff to uncover an Internet speaker's identity, see the Legal Protections for Anonymous Speech section and your relevant state law section on anonymous speech in this guide. The police may decide to caution your ex-wife against repeating the offence. wpaperhd. The legislation is designed to protect people from communications which cause them distress or alarm, and which may constitute harassment. Contents of the Letter The writer of the letter notes that not only does the law punish the offender indiscriminately for May 1, 2024 · An anonymous letter claiming a Texas bankruptcy judge was in a relationship with a bankruptcy lawyer was kept out of the public eye for more than two-and-a-half years. (c) and (d), inserted at end “If such a communication is addressed to a United States judge, a Federal law enforcement officer, or an official who is covered by section 1114, the individual shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both. Ignore the anonymous letters or emails. Mar 1, 2024 · Investigators, including local law enforcement and the FBI, delved into the case, facing a web of accusations and counter-accusations that made the truth elusive. 364 tokens Nov 30, 2023 · Facts: Law enforcement received an anonymous letter alleging that the respondents, Susan and Lance Gates, were involved in trafficking illegal drugs. The more you write, the more information you will divulge, which makes it easier for the person to guess who you are. Fernando M Montalvo, SC Supervising Judicial Staff Officer, Checks Disbursement Division, Fiscal Management and Budget Office, A. Pascale is licensed to practice law in the State of New York. Such a letter might cause introspective grief, be a wake up call to stop acting out and reach for help -- an opportunity to grow from missteps. Kirner Follow this and additional works at: https://via. Digital images kept in a database of anonymous letters The Unsent Project is a collection of unsent text messages to first loves. . They’ve exposed scandals, influenced political decisions, and even altered the course of wars. At least four judges kept the document sealed or suppressed efforts to examine the allegations, Bloomberg Law found. (a) A disputed document . M. The mystery do one better. 5. 2009, registered letters were sent to the named persons with acknowledgment due and Dec 27, 2015 · Judges typically do not consider letters from people, and this is especially true of anonymous letters. i : WoNros VII. [date of publication unknown] Dec 20, 2014 · Because of this, most people limit their whistle blowing to sending anonymous letters, which lacks credibility. We suspect we know who the writer is. Postal Inspection Office website, call 1-800-ASK-USPS, and contact your local law enforcement officials immediately to tell them about the problem. Oct 15, 2023 · Commentary: Anonymous letters and whistle-blowers persist in modern day Malaysia MAS to build new information-sharing platform for banks in Singapore to combat financial crimes MAKING of wealth. It is against the law to send a threatening message through the mail. Hence, this petition. I would think the writer is unaware that an anonymous letter is a Malicious Communication which is a criminal offence. If your anonymous letter crosses the line from harmless curiosity to malicious intent, you could find yourself facing legal consequences. In week five, we tackle some of the left turns that this case has taken over the years – including the anonymous letter. solicitude in a matter which I have so much at heart” (Anonymous, 1858:1). D. It is now filed and told they believe me and no further action is to be taken. Unfortunately, letters of this kind are rarely followed up and the perpetrators are rarely prosecuted as the police do not make such cases a priority. So, how do these two things go together? There are a number of ways that Alcoholics Anonymous works with the courts to offer assistance to people after a DUI and help them Oct 4, 2022 · Everyone has a story to tell. Please I am so sorry you are having an issue at your workplace. If this is anonymous in “so and so has a birdhouse in their front lawn”, ignore it. You'll be able to respond to letters and write your own. , received an anonymous letter which included statements that respondents, husband and wife, were engaged in selling drugs; that the wife would drive their car to Florida on May 3 to be loaded with drugs, and the husband would fly down in a few days to drive the car back; that the car's trunk would be loaded with drugs; and May 12, 2022 · Mrs Bnc and I have received an anonymous letter - a domestic issue, subject our puppy. The press popularized the term in Britain in the ­1920s. Ron, and brother-in-law, Paul Freshour. Section 230. It is not illegal to send an anonymous letter through the mail. , provides that district school boards may exercise any power except as expressly prohibited by the State Constitution or general law. Although the writer’s name was not attached to the nine-page letter, it was stated that it was written by a person who knows Augustus. These letters have been sent to individuals who are named in the letters. Future Me, I'm Sorry. When the details were corroborated by the defendants’ actions, police obtained a search warrant and found drugs, weapons and other contraband in the defendants In some cases, the courts may sentence people convicted of a DUI/DWI to mandatory attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. 1976 reprint by Ams Press, New York. ANONYMOUS LETTERS: A STUDY IN CRIME AND HANDWRITING. (a) to (d), respectively, and, in subsecs. Amber. One letter contained an average of only 4. The law instead judged other aspects of such listen and notify law enforcement. The employer seems to want to ignore the letters and keep the situation quiet. They are Sue and Lance Gates, they live on Greenway, off Bloomingdale Rd. Coined in America, the term “poison pen” was first used in ­1911 in a headline for an article in the Maryland Evening Post. Vondran, Attorney The Essential Guide to Hiring a Lawyer For Business in California James Louis Arrasmith, Attorney Navigating Business Law: A Practical Guide for Entrepreneurs Sep 12, 2024 · There is surprisingly little case law devoted exclusively to investigating anonymous complaints, but the cases we found do contain some interesting insights as to when and how an investigation should be conducted in these circumstances. In short, the Court of Appeals deemed the anonymous letter as a complaint which failed to comply with the formal requirements of the law. Gould has received through the years. A. Keep a record of communication We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. edu/bclj Part of the Administrative Law Commons, Banking and Finance Law Commons, Business Organizations Law Commons, and the Commercial Law Commons Jun 12, 2024 · 4. Dec 12, 2018 · Harassing postal customers by mail is a serious offense that should be reported to the authorities. 18 hours ago · Three months later, an anonymous letter went to news outlets with the headline "Attorney Beats Wife In Front of Child. L. that way the letter gets delivered to him ("returned" as undeliverable due to no postage and bad address) and you don't have to buy a stamp. Get a letter to an ex-spouse without disclosing where you live. For nearly two decades, an anonymous letter writer terrorized the town of Circleville, Ohio, by sending threatening Ili. and Mrs. Or, Bill can see Dusty as an antagonist and feed the accusations by blowing up and becoming defensive. Contents of the Letter The writer of the letter notes that not only does the law punish the offender indiscriminately for Oct 19, 2024 · Local residents with Trump signs in their yards received what could be considered a threatening letter, signed by “Patriotic Citizen and a True American. An anonymous letter of blackmail ; sie rZ IV. Choose between a type-written letter (The Anonymous Letter) or a more personal, handwritten letter (The Anonymous Letter Plus) and add the option to your cart. It searches based on text and not handwriting characteristics. Halifax (Regional Municipality), 2017 CanLII 10897 (NS LA) Jul 9, 2021 · I had a friend die in a horrible accident. Box. A letter can be written by anyone and the Judge has no way to verify an anonymous letter. My question is that if it breaks the law for writing anonymous letters to demage someone's reputation and trying to get someone fired from job. 24, 2022. Thompson fortified the link between anonymous threatening letters and collective action by noting that the practice of anonymous letter-writing practically disappeared after 1830, at the time of the develop-ment of the Radical and Chartist printing press. He stated Apr 6, 2017 · The police received an anonymous letter claiming that Mr. Send someone a secret admirer letter or gift. Mar 20, 2023 · For years, the townspeople kept receiving anonymous letters with accusations, threats, and sometimes personal details about their lives. In some cases, sending anonymous letters could also be considered harassment or stalking. The letter provided specific details, like the couple’s travel plans and alleged drug storage locations. 107–273 designated first to fourth pars. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. I have no firsthand knowledge of it, I was not there. g. No Amendments. Sincerely is an app where you'll receive 3 anonymous letters every night, confessing their worries, concerns, struggles, and all the real feels. 392. depaul. It is a systematic approach that involves analyzing the different linguistic features used in the letter, such as the choice of words, tone, grammar, and syntax, to identify patterns and clues that can help to unmask the sender. The security dept. Ive received some anonymous letters through the post, UK, Specialities include: Bankruptcy Law, Family Law, International Law, Law, Property Law, Jan 12, 2012 · Let's put ourselves in Bill's shoes -- you're on the receiving end of an anonymous letter. 213, 227] out of West Palm Beach on an interstate Jul 31, 2012 · The objection to "anonymous letters" is that there is no foundation for them. drop the letter in a mailbox with no stamp, and his address as the RETURN address, and some bogus non existent but local sounding address as the destination address. You are concerned that an issue, a policy or a project, is not being addressed and yet you do not want to be involved. Send an anonymous letter to report an affair. Keep any letter that attempts to scare, threaten or extort you in any way, and report it to the Postal Inspection Service by calling 1-877-876-2455. Neighborhood is 82 homes. Conclude the letter without getting into too much detail -- less definitely is more when writing an anonymous letter. Write the exact wording of the threat. Continuation of the blackmail letter, Plate III 94 V. Writing anonymous letters, extortion notes, etc. " The letter said Pryor had been arrested in West Hartford in June 2018 and charged with third-degree assault and risk of injury to a child. ANONYMOUS LETTER. Syllabus. Another anonymous letter of blackmail eros VI. He figured out that it was me and said he was going to call the police. Dec 16, 2008 · Parallel Search is an AI-driven legal research functionality that uses natural language understanding to find conceptually relevant case law, even without exact keyword matches. I don't want to report the letter to the police but I should like to t Customer: I received an anonymous letter in the mail saying that my husband was cheating. The CSC assigns two errors: 1. 538, with the shortest letter containing 9 sentences and the longest 25. in the condominiums. There is no Federal Law prohibiting it or local State law. In mathematics , in reference to an arbitrary element (e. Searched characteristics include (but not limited to): postmark and postal code information, addressee information, phrases. com This kind of anonymous letter is sent to someone in an effort to do him some harm and to be unkind, not as part of a greater crime such as kidnapping or ransom seeking. Dolores T'. Very many were disregarded, burned, ignored, or thrown away. Letters sent to you are by definition not libel. Remain calm and form a plan to cope with the person and any future letters. Report harassing or threatening mail to the U. Be available to discuss the details with law enforcement personnel. Several statutes also restrict investigations from being undertaken based on anonymous or pseudonymous complaints, such as the HEC Plagiarism Policy May 1, 2019 · Report threatening letters. ("Libel" and "slander" refer to publishing false statements about someone to a third party, that causes harm in some way. May 26, 2024 · The Circleville Letters 41:55. An ELECTRONIC MESSAGE THREAT is a threat received through direct messaging, email, or social media. The Letters Anonymous is an online community for people to submit their letters anonymously. Any Woman Who Aug 3, 2012 · In the same meeting, the Executive Council has also deliberated that Chairman in his letter dated 01. Upon receiving the letter, police further investigated and it was determined that most of the informants tips were correct with the exception of one fact. If it's similar to someone you know, then think logically about why they'd send you anonymous letters. On 8 December 2017, Justice Pizarro filed his comment [5] wherein he admitted to his indiscretion. Oct 11, 2024 · Anonymous letters with false claims can lead to legal action. 03(2), F. Customer: my employer has been receiving malicous anonymous letters over a period of weeks concerning several members of the team. Another significant figure in the case was Paul Freshour, Mary’s brother-in-law, who became a suspect and was later convicted in connection with one of the threatening letters, despite controversies and debates over the evidence On May 3, 1978, the Bloomingdale Police Department received by mail an anonymous handwritten letter which read as follows: “This letter is to inform you that you have a couple in your town who strictly make their living on selling drugs. Sep 16, 2024 · In February 2023, the Sex Education star put out a public call for anonymous letters and the result is more than 100 raw, revealing and real stories from women around the world — including one On 21 November 2017, the Court issued a Resolution 4 noting the 27 September 2017 Letter of the Ombudsman referring the anonymous letter-complaint; and requiring Justice Pizarro to file his comment on the anonymous letter-complaint. ) On 21 November 2017, the Court issued a Resolution [4] noting the 27 September 2017 Letter of the Ombudsman referring the anonymous letter-complaint; and requiring Justice Pizarro to file his comment on the anonymous letter-complaint. This story previously aired on Dec. If you ever receive a threatening anonymous letter by any means, it is advisable to file a report with the nearest police office. ” This anonymous letter, shown in its entirety below, includes not only inflammatory, and in some instances, false statements about Trump, but more concerning, it contains intimidating As the anonymous letter predicted, Lance Gates had flown from Chicago to West Palm Beach late in the afternoon of May 5th, had checked into a hotel room registered in the name of his wife, and, at 7 o'clock the following morning, had headed north, accompanied by an unidentified woman, [462 U. Lopez, SC Chief Judicial Staff Officer, and Mr. Cards or letters from the Tooth Fairy. Even an anonymous letter can lead to a lawsuit if the content is proven harmful and untrue. library. ” Want to send an anonymous letter to someone anonymous? Submit a letter, or mail a letter(s) to our P. Sending an anonymous letter to someone informing them of infidelity may not be illegal, but it could potentially lead to legal consequences if the information in the letter is false and damages the reputation of the accused party. 2002—Pub. [Monograph] Oklahoma City, OK. 3) It describes how Augustus' workload increased over Oct 24, 2017 · Some of the anonymous letters we got had names claiming to be neighbors or "living in the community," but they all were fictitious after the police did a record search. On May 3, 1978, the Police Department of Bloomingdale, Ill. com helpful non helpful. Yogi Berra Baseball Manager (Born 1925) The police received an anonymous letter outlining specific details about the Defendants, Gates and others (the “defendants”), plans to traffic drugs from Florida to Illinois. , a human, an object, a computer ), within a well-defined set (called the "anonymity set"), "anonymity" of that element refers to the property of that element of not being identifiable Sep 12, 2024 · There is surprisingly little case law devoted exclusively to investigating anonymous complaints, but the cases we found do contain some interesting insights as to when and how an investigation Dr. Submitting handwriting standards. 2. Linguistic Analysis. Record the call if possible. The response is in the form of legal education and is intended to provide general information about the matter within the question. Introduction to anonymous letter An anonymous letters is without any name acknowledged, as that of author, contributor or may be the letter sent from the unknown person without any name. Dec 14, 2024 · Arizona’s legal framework surrounding threatening or anonymous letters is crucial for maintaining public safety and upholding citizens’ rights. Robert Saudek. The anonymous letters that were considered sensational by the press, or actionable at law, were probably atypical. SUBSCRIBE LOG IN Jul 24, 2014 · I sent someone anonymous letter in the mail to let her know her currant boyfriend is cheating on her with several other women. 1) The document discusses an anonymous letter from 1858 about the philanthropic work of John Augustus, known as the "Father of Probation". If you or anyone you know is being bullied, online or in person, tell a trusted friend or a loved one. Only if the letter were threatening or gave indication of harm in anyway could there be a charge. The averment in the anonymous letter is to the effect that the applicant is having extra marital relations with a lady named in that letter. Sep 3, 2023 · It was highly unusual for the matter to be considered under tort law; it wasn’t (and isn’t) an offence per se to send an anonymous letter. The CSC filed a motion for reconsideration but it was subsequently denied in the assailed Resolution. 4. The reason can be that you would be seen as crossing your boss if this was so, or merely because it might be better addressed if seen to be raised from outside the organization. in my company did investigations and proved these are false. of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal; That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal; That the commission for erecting the late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical i was informed that my employers received a anonymous letter with an allegation made against me of inappropriate behaviour which i clearly stated was a complete false allegation. com 285 pictures. A second anonymous letter written by the same person as Plate V . 231. Look at the handwriting and the language used by the writer. However, there are some things that you need to be aware of. 18 hours ago · HARTFORD — A Connecticut lawyer claims in a lawsuit that his former employer broke an agreement and sent an anonymous letter to the media accusing him of assaulting his wife, documents show See s. Nov 14, 2018 · Some of the many letters Dr. 15 Apr 8, 2024 · We must be careful, when discussing anonymous letters, to not assume we have a full or typical sample. Oct 13, 2016 · If the circumstances surrounding an allegation of child abuse in an anonymous letter create a reasonable belief that it occurred, then: (1) the allegation should not be ignored on the ground that it was contained in an anonymous letter, and (2) it must be reported to the child abuse hotline by the recipient if the recipient is a mandatory The learned counsel further argued that a lady named in the anonymous letter is a wild life photographer and the applicant is also wild life photographer. A way to identify yourself with an area for business reasons (home base). Amalgamated Transit Union, Local 508 v. DISGUISE, LEARNING DISABILITY, OR ILLITERATE WRITING: CAN A DOCUMENT EXAMINER TELL THE DIFFERENCE? Pat Tull. My Big Brother Who is Disabled. 01. Computational analysis showedthat an average numb er of sentences in the letters was 13. However, they Pakistani law does not allow for anonymous or pseudonymous complaints. All complaints should have a name attached but the board can not provide names to the person the complaint is about. Marcum J. Key Questions: Did the use by the Bloomingdale, Illinois, police department of anonymous letters and a police affidavit as probable cause to conduct a warrant-less search of the home and car of Lance Gates and his wife violate their Fourth and Fourteenth Feb 25, 2025 · 09/18/2013 3:47 PM I serve on the board as the VP. AA is a voluntary program and is dedicated to protecting the identity of people who attend. Jan 8, 2024 · In the early twentieth century one genre of anonymous letter became so prominent it was given a name: the “poison pen” letter. May 26, 2024 · For nearly two decades, an anonymous letter writer terrorized the town of Circleville, Ohio, by sending threatening letters that exposed alleged secrets about neighbors and friends. Jacob Young D. If your letter exceeds 500 words, please purchase a quantity of two. The psychology of keeping secrets often intertwines with the motivations behind anonymous letter writing, as both involve the concealment of information and identity. Report an illegal activity to law enforcement. I don't think you should have to identify yourself in a complaint but the past board members kept sending out notices saying; all complaints about possible violations need to be in writing and identified which articles in the cc&r's are being violated and all letters have to be signed or will be disregarded. I doubt that the prosecution will rely on the anonymous letters. Anonymous? The Perils and Pitfalls of Anonymity in Whistleblowing Law Tanya M. 2010 has brought to the notice of the petitioner that out of the anonymous and pseudonymous letter enclosed along with the petitioner's letter dated 05. Actually, we learned that Rebekah’s father Larry has received numerous anonymous letters over the years. London, Methuen & Co. Jul 3, 2019 · Case Argued: October 13, 1982, March 1, 1983 Decision Issued: June 8, 1983 Petitioner: State of Illinois Respondent: Lance Gates et ux. May 24, 2012 · Mr. Nov 7, 2014 · Receiving anonymous letters does not damage you in a legally cognizable way, and it sounds like proving who sent it would be problematic too. Once you are satisfied with your selection, click on the Check Out icon. Mar 21, 2019 · Anonymous letters received through post Rasool Khan (Querist) 21 March 2019 This query is : Resolved Sir, Jan 14 my sister got abusive postal letters via post to her residence for which we filed a police complaint against some known people stating that they might have been did this crime as they only know our family matters. , 1933. The police obtained a judge issued warrant. Oct 11, 2023 · Harassment or Threats: The Dark Side of Anonymous Letters. As long as there were no threats made or directed towards the person and no intent of malice there could be no formal penalty for such a letter. They did not go into detail nor presented me with a copy. Search for your name or read submissions in the archive. Aug 19, 2012 · DK Law Group: A Comprehensive Guide to Real Estate Investment Law Diana G Khan, Attorney FREE WEBINAR featuring Attorney Steve Vondran tips for solo law firms!! Steve C. B. Can I get charged with harassment in the state of P. Nov 11, 2014 · A few days later, one of Hoover’s deputies, William Sullivan, apparently took it upon himself to write the anonymous letter and sent an agent to Miami, to mail the package to Atlanta. Mar 9, 2011 · A team of researchers claims to have developed an effective new technique to determine the authorship of anonymous emails that can provide presentable evidence in courts of law. Decipher the letter as much as possible. On July 28, 2011, people in our community started receiving an anonymous letter talking about us (husband & wife) and 2 of our friends painting a laughable caricature about the husband and made fun of what we do in our own private time . Unlike spoken slander, libel leaves a tangible record, which can serve as evidence in court. When examining all the letters, an average number of tokens pe r sentence was 11. Disguised handwriting is most commonly used in the following situ-ations: 1. Leonard Britton Superintendent of Schools Dade County Public Schools 1450 Northeast Second Avenue Miami, Florida 33132 RE: SCHOOLS–EDUCATION–PUBLIC EMPLOYEES–TEACHERS–investigation of anonymous allegations against teachers, authorized; destruction of anonymous letter or material absent permission from Division of Library and Information Services, unauthorized. for anonymously notifying her about his cheating through the mail? Know what are anonymous letters Learn the examination of the anonymous letters. Tell a trusted friend. May 3, 2024 · In 1978, the Bloomingdale, Illinois police received an anonymous letter accusing Lance and Susan Gates of selling illegal drugs. And using a social worker intended as a scare tactic has to be an additional charge, since I know the department where she works does not appreciate being used that way. Linguistic analysis is a crucial and necessary part of analyzing an anonymous letter. Proving libel involves demonstrating that statements are false and harmful. Endorsing stolen checks. Copy any information from the phone’s electronic display. : 124 (ob) Enlarged photograph of two Gtk lie Jun 3, 2013 · Letters are searched through this database to determine if the writer has written previous letters. 3. Intrigued, the police started watching the Gates and confirmed some of the information in the letter. They violate the right to cross-examination of the writer of the letters and they should not be allowed as evidence in court. Ethan T. This is the most common use of anonymous letters. It is illegal to make threats or to harass a person in a manner that put a person in fear of their lives. Advertisement Shriram Subramanian, founder and managing director, InGovern Research Services Pvt. Identify the person who is sending the anonymous letters. 4. The response herein is not legal advice and does not create an attorney/client relationship. 12. Just the fact of sending an anonymous letter in and of itself is not illegal to do. Neither letter falls into the protected class category but are harassing nonetheless. It is an offence to send malicious communications, whether by post or ‘phone or in person. The last two have been received by me. 291(1)(b), F. I doubt that would be included in the letter to the wife, however, you should be aware of what could cause you a problem. Only include the important facts in your letter. O. 2) The letter provides details about Augustus' work assisting offenders for 18 years in Boston, including bailing individuals out of court, supervising their behavior, and helping improve their lives. Sep 14, 2024 · Historically, anonymous letters have played significant roles in shaping events. Gates were running an illegal drug business and outlining future action. 27 Re: Anonymous Letter-Complaint on the Alleged Involvement and for Engaging in the Business of Lending Money at Usurious Rates of Interest of Ms. they keep those letters and talked to the person who I'm 100% sure wrote these letters, but the person denied firmly. as subsecs. Writing fictitious checks. Harassment, whether through anonymous letters or any other means, is taken very seriously in the eyes of the law. Ltd, says in the ET report that he has got many such anonymous letters from staff of accounts departments, alerting about irregularities BEY THE LAW AND REPEAT AFTER ME AM F REF wpaperhd. In the law, we are trained to not give me respect to any testimony that is made outside of Court. It This is the most common use of anonymous letters. The board can’t let the community start doing this as youd encourage neighbor disputes/retaliation through more anonymous letters. Mostly they call me fat, ugly and no one likes me sort of language. The Lahore High Court ruled that such complaints are not maintainable through the Pakistan Citizen's Portal, with public officials, or with the Federal or Provincial Ombudsmen. The letter detailed their patterns of operation, including their method of transporting drugs from Florida to Illinois. He stated that In many countries, anonymous letters are protected by law and must be delivered as regular letters. On 8 December 2017, Justice Pizarro filed his comment 5 wherein he admitted to his indiscretion. However, afterwards I did receive details from people at the scene &discovered that my friend knowingly trespassed onto property & made a bad decision due to being under the influence of alcohol, weed & unprescribed medicines. See full list on wikihow. Aug 3, 2024 · Sending anonymous letters through the post is legal; however, sending threatening anonymous letters is illegal. Article […] anonymous but that also appears to be natural handwriting, thus arousing no suspicion. Nov 4, 2014 · Received 2 "anonymous" letters in the USPS and I am 100% certain it is from an associate who reported to me and was fired for insubordination. It appears the letter came from someone he works with because the person referenced 3 females. Perused the papers of investigation. , which prohibits the placing of anonymous letters and material in an employee's personnel file. S. It is legal to send an anonymous letter. pep ildsd psq xmwkt kistyck xwr vno kxi cuiwgzo cboqnc xdhxxr ftgyj lfxz ksngbyuk bbot